Fasahar yin nadi na ƙasashen waje tana da tarihin sama da shekaru 100 kuma an kasu kusan zuwa matakai uku.
Mataki na farko (1838-1909)shine mataki na bincike da gwaji.A wannan mataki, bincike kan ka'idar yin nadi da ƙarfe mai sanyi yana ci gaba a hankali.Tare da saurin bunƙasa masana'antar sufuri na masana'antu, ƙarfe mai sanyi da aka samar ta hanyar yin nadi ba zai iya cika buƙatun masu amfani ba.
Mataki na biyu (1910-1959)shine mataki na kafa da sannu a hankali yaɗa tsarin yin nadi.
Mataki na uku (daga 1960 zuwa yanzu)shine mataki na saurin ci gaba na samar da nadi.Ana iya taƙaita haɓakar haɓakar samar da ƙarfe na sanyi na ƙasashen waje ta fuskoki da yawa:
1).Ana ci gaba da haɓaka samarwa
Tun daga shekarun 1960, fitar da karfen sanyi na kasashen waje ya karu da sauri.Wannan shi ne yanayin gaba ɗaya.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi na karfen sanyi a kasashe daban-daban a tsawon shekaru da suka wuce, yawan karfen da aka yi da sanyi da kuma na karafa ya samu karbuwa ta wani matsayi.Yana da 1.5:100 zuwa 4:100.Misali, shirin raya kasa da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet ta tsara a shekarar 1975 ya nuna cewa, yawan karfen da aka yi sanyi a shekarar 1990 zai kai kashi 4% na karafa.Tare da haɓaka aikin samar da ƙarfe mai sanyi, ƙayyadaddun samfuri da nau'ikan suna ci gaba da haɓakawa, kuma ingancin samfuran yana ci gaba da haɓaka ƙimar aikace-aikacen yana faɗaɗa.Tsohuwar Tarayyar Sobiyet ta sake tsara ainihin shirin raya kasa a shekarar 1979, inda ta tanadi cewa zai kai kashi 5% a shekarar 1990. Wasu kasashen kuma suna shirin kara yawan karfen da aka yi sanyi.Yanzu hakar karfen sanyin waje ya kai tan miliyan 10 a duk shekara.Yana da kashi 3% na jimlar ƙarfe na duniya.
2).Aikin bincike yana zurfafawa
Aikin bincike kan ka'idar yin nadi, samar da tsari da kuma samar da kayan aiki yana da zurfi a kasashen waje, kuma an sami ci gaba da yawa a cikin bincike kan aikace-aikacen da aka yi da karfe mai sanyi.Misali, tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka sun yi amfani da kwamfutoci na lantarki don nazarin ƙarfi da ma'aunin kuzari a cikin lanƙwasa sanyi da kuma bincika hanyar nakasa tare da mafi ƙarancin kuzari.
3).Sabbin matakai suna ci gaba da bayyana
Tun lokacin da aka yi nasarar yin nazarin tsarin yin nadi a Amurka a cikin 1910, bayan shekaru da yawa na ingantawa da kamala, tsarin ƙirƙirar ya ƙara girma.Yayin da ake ƙara fahimtar tasirin fasaha da tattalin arziƙin ƙarfe mai sanyi a aikace, ana amfani da ƙarfe mai sanyi sosai a fannoni daban-daban na tattalin arzikin ƙasa.Masu amfani suna da ƙarin buƙatu masu tsauri don ingancin ƙarfe mai sanyi, kuma suna buƙatar rarrabuwa iri-iri da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Wannan yana haɓaka ci gaba da haɓaka hanyoyin ƙirƙira nadi don biyan buƙatun mai amfani.Ƙasashen waje sun ɗauki matakan ƙirƙira nadi da haɓaka kayan aiki masu dacewa.Nau'in Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Na'ura tare da nau'in toshe-in, ƙirƙira naúrar tare da daidaitawar ƙira na ƙira ana kiranta naúrar CTA (daidaita kayan aiki ta tsakiya), naúrar kafa madaidaiciya madaidaiciya.
4) Samfuran iri-iri yana ƙaruwa koyaushe, kuma ana sabunta tsarin samfurin koyaushe.
Tare da haɓaka samar da ƙarfe da aka yi sanyi da kuma fadada iyakokin aikace-aikacen, nau'in nau'in nau'in sanyi ya ci gaba da karuwa, tsarin samfurin yana ci gaba da sabuntawa, kuma ana inganta matakan samfurin a hankali.Tare da ci gaba da fitowar sababbin fasaha, kewayon kayan billet da ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna faɗaɗa.Yanzu akwai nau'ikan sama da 10,000 da kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfe-cold-aka samar a ƙasashen waje.Bayani dalla-dalla na sanyi-kafa karfe kewayon daga 10mm zuwa 2500mm, da kuma kauri 0.1 mm ~ 32mm.Daga hangen abubuwan da aka yi na karfe mai sanyi, yawancin karfen carbon ne kafin shekarun 1970, wanda ya kai fiye da 90%.Tun da 1970s, ta hanyar fasaha da tattalin arziki kwatanta na m aikace-aikace, da yin amfani da high-ƙarfi low-alloy karfe, gami karfe da Bakin karfe sa rabo na talakawa carbon karfe kayayyakin rage shekara da shekara, da kuma rabo daga gami karfe. Ƙarfin ƙarancin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da samfuran bakin karfe yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-04-2022